An Analysis of the Influence of ChatGPT Usage on the Improvement of Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in the Era of Merdeka Belajar
Keywords:
Higher Order Thinking Skills, Critical Thinking, AI in Education, Merdeka BelajarAbstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of ChatGPT on students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), particularly in the domains of analysis, evaluation, and creation. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed, involving two groups: an experimental group that utilized ChatGPT as a learning tool and a control group that received conventional instruction. Data were collected using HOTS pre-test and post-test instruments, supplemented by a questionnaire measuring students’ perceptions of ChatGPT in supporting critical and creative thinking.
The findings revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group, with an average increase of 20.6%, compared to only 5.2% in the control group. Linear regression analysis indicated that ChatGPT accounted for 27% of the variance in HOTS improvement, with the strongest effect observed in analytical skills, followed by evaluation and creation. Moreover, most students reported increased engagement, critical thinking, and creativity when using ChatGPT. These results suggest that ChatGPT is an effective tool for enhancing students’ HOTS, aligning with the principles of Merdeka Belajar, which emphasize flexible, technology-based, and higher-order thinking–oriented learning.
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